Vegetables

How to Plant, Grow, and Care for Romanesco Broccoli

Have you seen a vegetable that demonstrates fractal geometry at its finest? Romanesco broccoli is not only cool to look at, it’s easy to grow and delicious. In this article, plant expert Matt Dursum shows you how to plant, grow,....

and care for this unique Brassica.

If you’ve ever been to the farmers’ market, you’ve probably seen a broccoli-like vegetable that can only be described as ‘trippy. ’ The psychedelic romanesco broccoli is also known as Romanesque cauliflower. It’s bright chartreuse and has fractal spirals of flower buds radiating through the flower head.

It’s a cultivar of Brassica oleracea, which includes common broccoli and cauliflower. Instead of producing typical-looking clusters of flowers, this Brassica forms stunning fractals that spiral logarithmically.

Besides looking cool, it’s also quite delicious and nutritious. It’s full of vitamins and minerals and dietary fiber. It tastes slightly sweet and nutty, with a hint of cauliflower flavor.

If you’re looking for an unusual yet versatile vegetable to grow this year, try planting Romanesco broccoli. It’s easy to grow, even if you’re a novice gardener. Let’s find out more about this fantastic vegetable below.
What Is It?
Romanesco broccoli is an Italian vegetable with mind-bending fractal leaf designs. The buds form clusters around branched meristems that radiate out in self-similar patterns. Each flower spirals from the head in a Fibonacci sequence. The mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci first recognized the pattern in nature in the 13th century.

A recent study found that before becoming flowers, the buds keep producing stems instead. Each stem produces more flower buds until the head of a Romanesco broccoli forms. This Italian variety produces buds more rapidly as it grows, creating a spiral pattern.
Today, farmers and gardeners around the country are growing this unique vegetable. Many chefs and home cooks use it as an eye-catching and nutritious ingredient. Each head is packed with vitamins C, K, B, and fiber. It also contains the rare and brain-healthy compound called choline.

Characteristics
This beautiful relative of broccoli and cauliflower is chartreuse green and oddly shaped. Each head can weigh up to 5 pounds.

It produces dark greenish leaves with a slight blue hue, similar to broccoli. In its early stages of growth, it’s hard to tell it apart from its cousins.

It has a slightly sweeter and nuttier flavor than cauliflower. It softens when cooked and has a nice crunchy texture when eaten raw. Use it as a main ingredient for vegetable tempura or in salads, stir-fries, and soups. It’s also a great way to decorate your plate in psychedelic patterns.

Native Area
Gardeners around Rome cultivated this heirloom Brassica, likely starting in the 15th or 16th centuries. The vegetable remained popular in central Italy until it slowly gained popularity in the rest of Europe and the US.

It appeared in gardening books and culinary texts throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. The first records of it in the US came in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Today, it grows around the world as a novelty vegetable and ingredient. You’ll find it in farmers’ markets and specialty grocery stores. If you can grow cauliflower or broccoli in your garden, you can grow this beautiful vegetable without problems.

Planting
Like its cousins broccoli and cauliflower, you’ll have no problems planting Romanesco broccoli. It thrives in containers or garden beds with very little maintenance needed. All you need to grow these cool-looking plants is plenty of sun and well-drained soil.

Once your seedlings are started, it’s super easy to get this vegetable in the ground. Plant your seedlings when they’re 4 to 6 inches high.

Like other vegetables, try planting your Romanesco plants in succession. Successive planting is when you plant the same seeds at different intervals throughout the year. This lets you continuously harvest your crops throughout the year.

Start in spring by planting your first crop. Seed a new batch of seedlings indoors every 2 to 4 weeks. Once you harvest your first crop, you’re second crop will be growing strong. In regions with warmer winters, you can start your seeds in the fall for a winter crop.
How to Grow
As mentioned above, Romanesco broccoli is easy to grow. It’s one of the best crops to grow in succession and pairs nicely with other cruciferous vegetables. It works in containers such as these or in your garden bed.

These plants thrive in temperatures between 60 and 80°F (16-27°C). If you live in a hot climate, try starting them early in the season and late in the season. In cooler regions, you can grow them all summer long.
Maintenance
This vegetable is very easy to maintain. It doesn’t require the self-wrapping or tying methods of blanching that cauliflower needs. Watch for signs of diseases and pests, and keep your plants out of high heat. This should be enough care to grow these wonderful vegetables.